{"id":6045,"date":"2023-08-25T16:02:56","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T14:02:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/?p=6045"},"modified":"2023-08-25T16:02:56","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T14:02:56","slug":"si-e-ktheu-agresioni-rus-evropen-qendrore-ne-harte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/?p=6045","title":{"rendered":"Si e ktheu agresioni rus, Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore n\u00eb hart\u00eb?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cJe disident?\u201d, e pyeti nj\u00eb gazetar Milan Kunder\u00ebn, kur n\u00eb mesin e viteve 1970 u internua nga vendlindja e vet \u00c7ekosllovakia, p\u00ebr n\u00eb Franc\u00eb. \u201cJo, jam shkrimtar\u201d, u p\u00ebrgjigj autori i [romanit]\u00a0Leht\u00ebsia e padurueshme e qenies<\/em>. Jo se ishte indiferent ndaj halleve t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtonin regjimin \u00e7ek nga brenda, por ishte i kujdessh\u00ebm ndaj etiket\u00ebs politike q\u00eb do t\u2019i ngjitej romanit dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi let\u00ebrsis\u00eb me mesazh, artit n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb ides\u00eb politike.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, Kundera \u2013 i cili vdiq muajin e kaluar \u2013 ishte njeri i ideve t\u00eb cilat n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti i eksploroi n\u00eb eset\u00eb e veta, ku m\u00eb me ndikim ishte\u00a0Per\u00ebndimi i rr\u00ebmbyer: Tragjedia e Evrop\u00ebs Qendrore<\/em>, botuar n\u00eb Paris m\u00eb 1983 dhe ribotuar n\u00eb anglisht n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti. Evropa Qendrore, argumentoi Kundera, \u201cn\u00eb aspektin kulturor i p\u00ebrkiste Per\u00ebndimit, politikisht Lindjes dhe gjeografikisht ishte n\u00eb qend\u00ebr\u201d. Problemi i kombeve t\u00eb vogla, midis Rusis\u00eb dhe Gjermanis\u00eb, ishte se ekzistenca e tyre nuk ishte \u201ce vet\u00ebkuptueshme\u201d, por mbeti e lidhur ngusht\u00eb me vitalitetin e kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb vet dhe historikisht e nd\u00ebrthurur me at\u00eb t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit nga ku ishin \u201crr\u00ebmbyer\u201d n\u00eb vitin 1945.<\/p>\n

Duke e vendosur Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore s\u00ebrish n\u00eb hart\u00eb, Kundera i sfidoi perceptimet e at\u00ebhershme t\u00eb gabuara q\u00eb mbizot\u00ebroni p\u00ebr rajonin, e q\u00eb shiheshin vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes prizmit t\u00eb ep\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb ndarjes ideologjike Lindje-Per\u00ebndim. Kjo ese e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, n\u00eb vitet 1980 ndezi debatin n\u00eb mbar\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn dhe kontribuoi n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vet\u00ebperceptimin e rajonit, por edhe p\u00ebr hart\u00ebn mendore t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Per\u00ebndimore n\u00eb kontinent.<\/p>\n

Elementi ky\u00e7 i k\u00ebtij ndryshimi ishte rizbulimi i trash\u00ebgimive t\u00eb ndryshme kulturore t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Qendrore. Por, \u00e7\u00ebshtja m\u00eb e diskutueshme, n\u00eb debatin e viteve 1980, kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e rajonit me Rusin\u00eb, q\u00eb ishte \u2013 dhe mbetet \u2013 \u201cp\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsi tjet\u00ebr\u201d i tij kryesor (Gjermania \u00ebsht\u00eb tjetra), kundrejt s\u00eb cil\u00ebs u formuan kufijt\u00eb dhe identitetet e Evrop\u00ebs Qendrore.<\/p>\n

Ilustrimi m\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs i m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs se si identitetet kulturore u nd\u00ebrthur\u00ebn me ato politike (me jehon\u00ebn e diskutimeve aktuale t\u00eb postkolonializmit), mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb nj\u00eb debat t\u00eb paharruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb Lisbon\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1988, ku p\u00ebrfshiheshin shkrimtar\u00ebt nga Evropa Qendrore (duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osin dhe Gy\u00f6rgy Konr\u00e1din) dhe nga Rusia. Megjith\u00ebse Kundera fizikisht mungonte, eseja e tij ishte pjes\u00eb e madhe e debatit. Joseph Brodsky, poeti i m\u00ebrguar nga Leningradi, e kritikoi konceptin e Kunder\u00ebs p\u00ebr Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore, si nj\u00eb komunitet i imagjinuar e pa substanc\u00eb:<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00eb aspektin e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, nuk ka di\u00e7ka t\u00eb till\u00eb si \u2018Evropa Qendrore\u2019. Ka let\u00ebrsi polake, let\u00ebrsi \u00e7eke, let\u00ebrsi sllovake, let\u00ebrsi serbokroate, let\u00ebrsi hungareze, e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb koncept, madje edhe n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb oksimoron\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mi\u0142osz:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cDivide et impera [p\u00ebr\u00e7aj\u00eb dhe pushto]. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb parimi kolonial, dhe ju jeni p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Brodsky:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cDivide et impera. N\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, Czes\u0142aw? Nuk t\u00eb kuptoj \u2026 A mund jesh konkret?\u201d<\/p>\n

Mi\u0142osz:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cKoncepti i Evrop\u00ebs Qendrore nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shpikje e Kunder\u00ebs. E ke nj\u00eb obsesion se \u00ebsht\u00eb shpikje e Kunder\u00ebs. Aspak. Evropa Qendrore \u00ebsht\u00eb koncept antisovjetik q\u00eb rrjedh nga pushtimi i atyre vendeve \u2026 Dhe, kam frik\u00eb se sigurisht ka tabu n\u00eb let\u00ebrsin\u00eb ruse dhe se tabu \u00ebsht\u00eb perandoria.\u201d<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb viteve 1980, ideja e Evrop\u00ebs Qendrore kaloi nga kultura n\u00eb politik\u00eb \u2013 nga \u201cmomenti i Kunder\u00ebs\u201d n\u00eb \u201cmomentin e Havelit\u201d, dhe k\u00ebshtu p\u00ebrgatiti terrenin p\u00ebr emancipimin e saj jasht\u00eb tuf\u00ebs sovjetike.<\/p>\n

Dyzet vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, rreth 20 p\u00ebrkthime t\u00eb eses\u00eb s\u00eb Kunder\u00ebs jan\u00eb shfaqur brenda nj\u00eb viti (i fundit n\u00eb tajlandisht dhe koreanisht), nj\u00eb fenomen q\u00eb sugjeron se ka fituar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb re n\u00eb kontekstin q\u00eb lidhet me luft\u00ebn n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb dhe me kthimin e \u201c\u00e7\u00ebshtjes ruse\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1983, argumenti i Kunder\u00ebs ishte se Rusia e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson \u201cnj\u00eb qytet\u00ebrim tjet\u00ebr\u201d, i p\u00ebrqendruar historikisht n\u00eb ngritjen e nj\u00eb shteti autokratik perandorak, ku pushteti fetar dhe politik jan\u00eb shkrir\u00eb duke l\u00ebn\u00eb pak ose aspak hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb civile dhe p\u00ebr autonomin\u00eb e sfer\u00ebs kulturore \u2013 dy kushtet e liris\u00eb, si\u00e7 kuptoheshin n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim.<\/p>\n

\u201cEvropianizimi\u201d i Rusis\u00eb u shoq\u00ebrua me zgjerimin e saj drejt per\u00ebndimit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim, Rusia sovjetike ishte vazhdim\u00ebsia e Rusis\u00eb perandorake \u2013 me mjete t\u00eb tjera (edhe pse ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb ngjashme). Versioni i Putinit e ofron nj\u00eb sintez\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy k\u00ebto.<\/p>\n

Lufta e Rusis\u00eb kund\u00ebr Ukrain\u00ebs, shkruan The Guardian,<\/a> ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me pun\u00ebt e pap\u00ebrfunduara postimperiale dhe me sferat e ndikimit. B\u00ebhet gjithashtu fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr kufijt\u00eb real\u00eb dhe t\u00eb imagjinuar kulturor\u00eb dhe politik\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu tem\u00ebn e vazhdueshme p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore dhe Lindore.<\/p>\n

Vet\u00eb Ukraina \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr ringjalljen e interesimit p\u00ebr esen\u00eb e Kunder\u00ebs. Duke e nisur luft\u00ebn, Rusia \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsi tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr kombin ukrainas q\u00eb tani ndan fatin e atyre q\u00eb Kundera i ka p\u00ebrshkruar si \u201ckombet e vogla t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Qendrore\u201d, mbijetesa e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve nuk mund t\u00eb merret si e mir\u00ebqen\u00eb. Ky ankth ekzistencial nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje numrash. P\u00ebr arsye historike, dy milion\u00eb letonez\u00eb, 10 milion\u00eb \u00e7ek\u00eb dhe 40 milion\u00eb ukrainas \u2013 t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ndryshe-ndryshe, natyrisht \u2013 e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar k\u00ebt\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Agresioni i Putinit veproi si katalizator dhe Ukraina sot p\u00ebr veten mendon si pjes\u00eb e \u201cPer\u00ebndimit t\u00eb rr\u00ebmbyer\u201d.<\/p>\n

Teksa lufta i rip\u00ebrcakton kufijt\u00eb dhe identitetet politike, raporton Telegrafi, p\u00ebrcjell Capital FM<\/em>, na kujtohet se Lvivi ka qen\u00eb Lvov para Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore dhe Lemberg para Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, dhe se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Ukrain\u00ebs ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore \u2013 ashtu si\u00e7 e kuptonte Kundera. Sot, jo vet\u00ebm Lvivi, por e gjith\u00eb Ukraina po anon drejt Per\u00ebndimit, dhe per\u00ebndimi m\u00eb i af\u00ebrt i saj \u00ebsht\u00eb Evropa Qendrore. Ironia e historis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se duke e p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebn, Evropa Qendrore \u2013 dikur \u201cPer\u00ebndimi i rr\u00ebmbyer\u201d i Kunder\u00ebs \u2013 po e rishpik veten duke u zgjeruar drejt Lindjes. \/CFM<\/strong><\/em>\/<\/p>\n

Nga: Jacques Rupnik \/ The Guardian
\nP\u00ebrktheu: Agron Shala\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cJe disident?\u201d, e pyeti nj\u00eb gazetar Milan Kunder\u00ebn, kur n\u00eb mesin e viteve 1970 u internua nga vendlindja e vet \u00c7ekosllovakia, p\u00ebr n\u00eb Franc\u00eb. \u201cJo, jam shkrimtar\u201d, u p\u00ebrgjigj autori i [romanit]\u00a0Leht\u00ebsia e padurueshme e qenies. Jo se ishte indiferent ndaj halleve t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtonin regjimin \u00e7ek nga brenda, por ishte i kujdessh\u00ebm ndaj […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[627],"tags":[628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,637,636],"class_list":["post-6045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fakte","tag-agron-shala","tag-czeslaw-milosz","tag-evropa-lindore","tag-evropa-perendimore","tag-evropa-qendrore","tag-jacques-rupnik","tag-joseph-brodsky","tag-milan-kundera","tag-the-guardian","tag-vaclav-havel"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6045","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6045"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6047,"href":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6045\/revisions\/6047"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/capital921.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}